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The number of extreme weather events (EWE) has increased in recent years. In particular, the occurrence and intensity of heat waves (HW) are becoming non-negligible at a European level. The distribution system, due to its extension on the territory and being mostly composed of underground cables (in cities and urban centers) is the most heavily stressed infrastructure during the HW occurrence. This proposal focuses on the study of the effect of HW on portions of cables and joints, following three main directions: field measurements, laboratory experience and simulation activities. Field measurements will be carried out to provide a benchmark regarding soil moisture, irradiance and heat transfer under defined electrical load and temperature of cables and joints. The values collected in the field will be used to calibrate and set up a test bench installed in the laboratory with the aim of replicating the measured irradiance (and therefore heat exchange) conditions. Once calibrated, the test bench will be used to replicate the typical irradiance and load conditions that occur during HW. Both cables and joints will be studied to highlight their contribution to failures during HW. The entire test bench, as well as the measurement system in the field, will be designed paying attention to apply metrological accuracy: only in this way, in fact, it is possible to correctly replicate the experiment at a later time and provide useful information to third parties (e.g., international standardization organizations, distribution system operators, cable manufacturers) regarding the behavior of cables and joints during heat waves.