Studies on Gender and Women in Science focus on understanding and addressing the underrepresentation of women in science, and in particular in technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. To truly reduce the gender gap, research aims to identify the qualitative factors that deter women from pursuing careers in STEM. Potential avenues of research include understanding the competitive dynamics of gender and women in science and their impact on regional competitiveness, as well as strategies for sustaining innovation in organizations and finally reduce the gender gap.