Research on Supply Chain Management focuses on the study and optimization of distribution networks of goods in various industrial sectors, including the automotive and large-scale retail trade. Modeling and reengineering of supply chain processes are addressed in order to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. In such a context, the application of Industry 4.0 technologies to supply chains is explored, with the aim of understanding how these innovative technologies can be integrated with other approaches, such as Lean Manufacturing, to optimize production and distribution processes. Finally, supply chains of innovative or highly crucial products are studied. One example is lithium-ion batteries intended for installation in electric and hybrid vehicles. These supply chains require a careful and precise management to ensure the availability and timely delivery of batteries, also considering the technical specifications and regulations in force.