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Hardness is an important material property and it is determined by measuring indentation size realized on the material surface in Brinell, Vickers and Knoop scales. The proposed project aims at investigating the indentation measurement phenomena and providing a better defined, more consistent, unified and reliable measurement and traceability methodology to overcome the inconsistency between the NMIs and lower levels of indentation (hardness) measurements as well as inter-NMIs problem. The project outcomes will be used in the next generation hardness definition, instrumentation and standardization to improve accuracy of testing material in all engineering fields; aerospace, automotive, health, industry and research-development studies.